â—†This reporter trainee reporter Wang Shan
Editor's note
The first meeting of the Central Committee of Finance and Economics held recently pointed out that to fight the battle against pollution, it is necessary to clarify the target tasks. By 2020, the total discharge of major pollutants will be greatly reduced, and the quality of the ecological environment will be improved overall. It is necessary to fight a few major battles, win the blue sky defense battle, and do a good job in pollution control of diesel trucks, urban black and odor water treatment, comprehensive treatment of the Bohai Sea, protection of the Yangtze River, protection of water sources, and pollution control of agricultural and rural areas. Time is clearly effective.
From 2013, “Atmosphere Ten†proposed to eliminate yellow-label cars and old cars. By 2018, the government work report proposed “to carry out special treatment of diesel trucks exceeding the standardâ€, and then to the first meeting of the Central Finance and Economic Committee to propose the pollution of diesel trucks. Governance battles, "diesel truck pollution control" frequently appear in the top design. So, what is the current status of diesel pollution in China? How should the diesel truck pollution control fight? This edition of the special issue issued relevant reports to readers.
Grasp the core issues and do it in a targeted manner
Long-distance truck driver Xiao Li recently had troubles. He bought more than a dozen barrels of cheap urea from an acquaintance. When he started the truck, he felt that he was not quite right. The emission indicator light was always on.
He thought that it would be fine for others to add water, not to mention that I added urea. But what happened next made him regret it. The truck ran for more than 2,000 miles to Yunnan, and the urea did not burn at all, and the car had begun to malfunction.
Xiao Li was anxious, and he turned to several maintenance service stations. Finally, with the help of a professional electrician at the repair station, he found that not only the urea nozzle was blocked, but the car system had to be re-brushed with a computer.
Xiao Li’s experience reflects some problems in the diesel vehicle market. He did not expect that, soon after, a major battle against diesel pollution has started.
From the end of February to the beginning of April, the smog in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and the surrounding areas frequently visited, and there were three pollution processes in March alone. He Kebin, director of the National Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrated Pollution Sources and Control, pointed out that through the development of atmospheric research and governance projects, it has been found that nitrate has officially replaced the position of sulfate in the secondary component, becoming the highest proportion component. Non-motorized and non-road mobile machinery that contribute the most to nitrate emissions are the only ones.
According to the "State of the Environment", China's motor vehicles have 295 million vehicles in 2016, including 184 million vehicles and 18.78 million diesel vehicles, accounting for 6.4% of motor vehicle ownership. Among the huge motor vehicles, diesel trucks are just a "nine cattle and a hair", why is it one of the main targets?
It is understood that diesel vehicles are the first to bear the burden of motor vehicle emissions. Although the proportion is not high, its nitrogen oxide emissions amounted to 3.673 million tons, accounting for 63.6% of the total vehicle emissions, and the particulate matter emitted accounted for more than 99% of the total.
“High-temperature combustion of diesel engines will emit nitrogen oxides. If not completely burned, particulate matter will be emitted. Nitrogen oxides will be converted into nitrates, while particulates, which are not completely burned, and the main component, black carbon, can promote the rapid growth of secondary particulate matter.†Yin Hang, director of the Policy Research Office of the Automotive Emissions Monitoring Center of the Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences, said. According to the cause of atmospheric pollution notified by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, secondary particulate matter is the largest source of PM2.5. Coupled with the characteristics of China's highway-based freight structure and the long-distance driving of most trucks, the development of diesel vehicle management is extremely urgent.
Gong Huiming, director of the Transportation Project of the Energy Foundation, believes that the first meeting of the Central Committee of Finance and Economics proposed to fight the battle for pollution control of diesel trucks, further clarifying that environmental protection is not just a matter of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, and work, development, and transportation. Other departments are also closely related, and the high-level top-level design is conducive to the coordination and inter-ministerial coordination. In addition, the diesel truck pollution control battle is closely followed by the blue sky defense war, which highlights its role as a link between the past and the future, and also lays a solid foundation for the next structural adjustment of transportation.
Ge Yunshan, a professor at the School of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering at Beijing Institute of Technology, agrees with this view: “The deployment made by the central government has seized the core issues of vehicle emission control and seized the main contradictions of emission control, so that it is targeted.â€
Diesel vehicle pollution control needs to continue to exert force
In recent years, China has already taken action in the pollution control of diesel vehicles, and some explorations and practices have been carried out in various places. At the beginning of this year, the former Ministry of Environmental Protection punishes two motor vehicle manufacturers, with a total penalty of 38 million yuan. It has played a strong deterrent effect on the same type of illegal activities, and this year, the motor vehicle and oil product supervision and inspection will be carried out this year. A good head.
After the introduction of the “Atmosphere Tenâ€, all localities vigorously promoted the elimination of yellow-label vehicles and old vehicles (including diesel vehicles). Over the past five years, more than 20 million yellow-label vehicles and old vehicles have been eliminated. Different cities are also based on their own characteristics. Some diesel vehicles have been upgraded.
In addition, since May 1, 2017, the public security department has set up a national unified code for over-standard discharge penalties (6063). The joint law enforcement mechanism of “environmental forensics and public security punishment†was initially established, and basically established national, provincial and municipal networked motor vehicles. Regularly discharge inspection agency monitoring platform.
In terms of oil quality, vehicle fuel has been integrated with international standards. From January 1st, 2017, the country will supply the country's five standard vehicle gasoline and diesel, of which the diesel diesel sulfur content limit will be reduced from 50ppm to 10ppm.
Although there have been many achievements, there are still various problems in the supervision of diesel vehicles. For example, in order to reduce transportation costs, some truck drivers are overloaded with cargo, use diesel fuel that does not reach the standard vehicle, do not add vehicle urea or add inferior urea.
Gong Huiming pointed out that from a technical point of view, diesel trucks have problems such as false detection of motor vehicle inspection agencies, unqualified emissions, and poor quality of oil products. From the regional perspective, road inspection and remote sensing monitoring have not been fully carried out, and the supervision of various regions is not balanced.
In terms of urban passenger transport, the concept of green travel has been formed by vigorously promoting public transport priority. The public transport and urban logistics distribution and electrification have also begun to take shape. However, the discussion and research on highway freight transportation needs to be strengthened. The role of the railway backbone for medium and long-distance cargo transportation.
"Some enterprises have luck, ignore the national mandatory standards, and believe that the relevant departments will not really strengthen the supervision of the emission of new diesel vehicles. In order to save costs, shoddy, occupy the market at low prices, and the phenomenon of bad money expelling good coins is prominent. Ge Yunshan said that because the relevant quality supervision departments have not yet established a comprehensive and effective vehicle urea quality supervision system, the quality of vehicle urea products on the market is uneven.
In addition, oil industry experts pointed out that the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel fuel will directly affect particulate matter emissions. The higher the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, the more the amount of particulate matter emitted by diesel combustion. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are strong carcinogens, which makes the emission of pollutants more toxic, so reducing the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel fuel is important for improving ambient air quality.
Work hard on emissions standards, corporate responsibility and market conditions
Scientific treatment, with half the effort. In response to the pollution caused by large enterprises' freight diesel vehicles, the relevant departments of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment have already launched pilot tests on diesel vehicle emission pollution in Tangshan. This measure will provide a network for precise monitoring and stereoscopic tracking of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, which is mainly based on road transportation.
"Efficient management methods combined with advanced science and technology can make the development of diesel vehicle pollution control more targeted." Ge Yunshan said.
Those who want to flow far away will have their fountains. For the next step on how to fight the pollution control of diesel trucks, Gong Huiming gave suggestions on three aspects: emission standards, enterprises and markets: from the perspective of emission standards, all localities should accelerate the implementation of motor vehicle national VI emission standards, especially in Beijing. Key areas for prevention and control of atmospheric pollution such as Tianjin and surrounding cities, the Yangtze River Delta and the Plain of Plains. At present, Shenzhen, Hainan, Hebei and other places have proposed a timetable for implementing the light vehicle national VI emission standards in advance.
It is understood that the national standard for heavy-duty diesel vehicles will be released soon. All localities can combine the relevant technologies and promote the elimination and renewal of old and high-emission vehicles through regional restrictions and market guidance, especially in the industries of public transportation, sanitation, postal service and logistics.
Second, the production company should assume the main responsibility. New cars entering the market must be strictly self-examined to ensure compliance.
Gong Huiming made a metaphor for the reporter: "This is like a pond. Eliminating the yellow label car and the old car is equivalent to discharging the sewage from the drain pipe. The new car produced is like the water introduced from the inlet pipe. Only by ensuring that the incoming water is clear can the water in the entire pool be pure."
The durability of the vehicle's emissions determines that certain years of driving will cause certain losses. Motor vehicle inspection agencies and maintenance companies should also bear the main responsibility, and carry out vehicle inspection and maintenance according to the law, so that the vehicles can reach the standard after they have reached the standard.
Finally, we should create a fair competitive market environment, combat vicious low-price competition, encourage the invention and application of advanced technologies, and promote the clean development of the entire diesel vehicle market.
“Strengthening the supervision of diesel vehicle manufacturers and terminal markets is the focus of future work. It is necessary to prevent fake country IV and fake country V products from entering the market from the source.†In addition, Ge Yunshan emphasized that vehicles should be realized as soon as possible nationwide. The use of diesel and common diesel standards, especially the emission standards for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Strengthen the quality inspection of automotive diesel and automotive urea aqueous solution in the market. The production threshold of automotive urea products is not high. There is no technical difficulty in universal supply. Strengthening supervision and management can solve the problem of low qualification rate to a large extent.
"The supervision and management of diesel oil products is very important. It is necessary to resolutely ban the gas stations and mobile fuel trucks that violate the law and regulations. To build an oil and gas environmental protection indicator monitoring and early warning platform, increase the quality inspection of oil products, and timely report the inspection results to relevant Department." Oil industry experts said.
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