1 Overview In the current streetlight control, it is rare to use a computer to control single lamps and automatically detect single lamp failures. In response to this situation, the project fully researched and integrated sensor network technology, 3G communication technology and embedded computer system software and hardware design technology for urban lighting, and developed a new intelligent street lamp control system. Realize the use of a computer to control the city's single lamp. It provides a technical basis for energy saving, self-checking of street lamps, automatic management, and extending the service life of street lamps. It is the fundamental solution for intelligent control of modern street lamps. At present, most of the streetlight control systems on the market cannot achieve single-lamp control, road inspection and energy saving. Some use imported components and use power carrier communication. The actual results show that they are not suitable for China's power grid, with large fluctuations, many communication errors, and high costs. There is also a part that uses GPRS to directly control single lamps. This scheme is not feasible and requires a large amount of telecommunication communication, which is costly and inefficient.
The system in this paper is GPRS to the road end. ZigBee completes the communication between single lamps. It is a typical application of the Internet of Things, with low cost, high efficiency and good stability. Due to space limitations, this paper focuses on the analysis of energy-saving modes and energy-saving potential, and on the basis of hardware systems, proposes a Web software design scheme for control systems and energy-saving modes.
The energy-saving mode of the 2 street lamp control system is based on the MCF52223 chip as the control unit, combined with the microcontroller of the wireless sensor network of the MC13211 to complete the data transmission and realize single-lamp control. In order to achieve energy saving, the control software needs to have a flexible control method. This paper proposes a variety of energy-saving control modes. The following two simple examples are listed.
1/2, 1/3 and other control modes. In the case where there are not too many pedestrian vehicles, it is possible to adopt a mode in which one turn and two lights are separated. In this way, it can meet the basic illumination of the ground and achieve energy saving.
According to the earth latitude and longitude control mode. Due to the difference in latitude and longitude of the earth, the sunrise and sunset times vary from place to place, and the sunrise and sunset times at different times in the same place are different. If the switch light time is set uniformly, it will waste energy and can not achieve good control effect. For example, the sunrise time of Daye in mid-January is 07:21:00, the sunset time is 17:33:00, the sunrise time in mid-July is 05:28:00, and the sunset time is 19:28: 00. If the unified setting of the light-on time is 17:30:00, then by July, it will cause a great waste of resources.
Based on this situation, this paper proposes to automatically adjust the switch light time according to sunrise and sunset time. Import the local sunrise and sunset schedule into the system and set the switch light offset time. Thus, as the season changes, the switch light time will automatically change with the change of sunrise and sunset time. The turn-on offset and sunset time determine the turn-on time, ie the turn-on time = sunset time + turn-on offset; the turn-off offset and sunrise time determine the turn-off time, ie turn off the light = sunrise Time + turn off the light offset.
The architecture of the 3 street lamp energy-saving control system is based on the B/S street lamp control system framework. The overall framework is divided into 3 layers. The system framework is as shown.
Fund Project: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (61070169) at the terminal level, embedded an IoT communication module as a core control unit in each street lamp. The hardware design and sensor network light control protocol have completely independent intellectual property rights, and the controller The module is small, reliable, low cost, easy to install, high performance, low consumption, and stable, and has great advantages in retrofitting old city street lamps. The middle layer uses the 32-bit CodeFire series MCF52223 chip as the control unit, and combines the MC13211 to realize data transmission. Optional 3G or 2.5G technology, depending on the city, you can choose the right communication method. The top layer, the Web site, directly faces the streetlight manager, enabling the streetlight manager to intelligently control the streetlights of the entire city by browsing the webpage, realizing road inspection, energy saving, maintenance form generation, statistics and other automation.
Software design of 4 street lamp energy-saving control system 4.1 Problems to be solved In the 3-layer structure, the following 2 layers belong to the low-end, which is related to hardware and realizes basic functions. Web software is an interface between the low end and the user. In order to adapt to the functions that have been implemented at the low end and to be convenient for users, it is necessary to establish a dynamic website with sufficient interactive capabilities, so that users can obtain real-time information through the browser and apply rich fault query analysis functions. In order to achieve this goal, the following problems need to be solved: (1) Low-carbon energy conservation is the eternal theme of human society, and urban lighting has great potential for energy conservation. Therefore, the software is required to provide a variety of control methods, which can be flexibly controlled according to time, weather, latitude, etc., and achieve energy saving in the case of satisfying ground illumination.
(2) Conduct a large number of report statistics. How to enable browsing users to quickly and easily find the required data from a large amount of data is the key to the success of the system. (3) The system has good real-time performance and can display the communication status of GPRS in real time. (4) The system has high reliability. If there is a fault, it will waste resources (lighting during the day) and traffic accidents (lights will be extinguished at night).
4.2 Web database design Web database system maintenance cost is low, software version update does not involve users, just need to update the server-side software, this way simplifies the management and use of the client, so that the system management and maintenance are concentrated on the server. Has a strong scalability and maintainability. Table 1 shows the data table names of the system and their functions. Due to space limitations, select the parts listed.
The table stores control command commands used in communication, such as 11 for full open, 13 for odd open, etc. The table stores control mode commands used in communication, such as 11 for full power and 12 for power reduction. The table stores control commands sent to the controller, such as 01 000620116400, indicating the status of the 6th lamp on the 1st road. The table stores the status command of the low end upload, such as 01 000103000000, indicating that the current value of the No. 1 lamp on the 1st road is 3, It can be judged according to the threshold value. The HeartPackage table stores the heartbeat packet uploaded by the low end. It is used to determine the communication status of the GPRS User User Table. It is used for user management. 4.3 The main technology adopts the Aax technology in the current Web technology to realize the webpage without flash. Automatic partial refresh. Sessions are stored using Session technology, and no information is lost when a page jump occurs. Cookie technology is used to store user information so that you can log in automatically without entering a username and password.
In order to solve the problem of excessive data volume, the system is running slowly or even crashing. Department of Dongfeng East Road (Luyi) P Dongfeng East 2 (Road) P Dongfeng Road 1 (å¿) P Dongfeng Road 2P Jinhu Avenue 1 (most: fc P Golden Butterfly Avenue 2 (seven-i boundary) P Golden Butterfly Avenue (Butterfly Middle) I Jinhu Avenue 4 (Sunshine Sand Quench) P Jinhu Avenue MW Guangsha 渖) grips all selected will automatically delete expired data . The period is set by the user and stored in the configuration file. When the system is running, read the configuration file and delete the expired data.
In addition, in order to make the system reliable and stable, feedback information is obtained every time the command is sent. When the manual control light is dim, after each control command, an instruction to acquire the status is sent. If the control instruction is executed successfully, the user is told that the command has been executed. If it fails, the user is prompted to send it again. When the time period control is performed, when the time arrives, an instruction is sent. In order to ensure that the instructions can be executed, they are sent again every other time and sent a total of times. 〃 The user sets the failure rate to a minimum according to the local network communication settings.
Take a reliable encryption algorithm, the information accessed by users with different permissions is different. Only super administrators have the right to manage users. Only users above the administrator level can send control commands. Each user's login password is encrypted by MD5 and is not easy to crack.
The system also provides memo function, each user can establish their own memo, modify, add, delete the content in the memo, can only view the contents of other people's memos, can not be modified, deleted. The memo function provides a platform for streetlight managers to communicate, making management more convenient and smart.
4.4 Software Implementation 4.4.1 Communication Module Communication is mainly divided into two parts. One part is used as the interface of high and low end communication. It uses TCP communication technology to send to the low end through a timer timing scan table RoadLightControl. . Use Socket to listen to the TCP port. If there is a packet arriving, it will be parsed. If it is a heartbeat packet, it will be placed in the table HeartPackage. If it is a state packet, it will be placed in the table RoadLightStatus, and the illegal packet will be discarded.
The other part performs time period control and real-time monitoring. Using a timer, it constantly scans the data table TimeControl and RoadLightStatus, and scans the table TimeControl to view the time period control record. If the time arrives, it sends a command to the table RoadLightControl. The scan table RoadLightStatus parses the status of the upload, determines the status of the light and GPRS, records the judgment result in the corresponding data table, and waits for the user to query.
4.4.2 Human-computer interaction interface Because the system has more complicated graphic chart display, database processing and real login module. The login module is mainly responsible for user login management. After the user enters the user name and password, the server invokes the database user table for verification. If the verification is passed, the user is allowed to enter the main page of the system, and the user is added to the online user list to record the session registered by the user; if the verification fails, the process returns. Error message, deny user login. The cookie technology is used to retain user information. When the user sets a reservation, the user is kept for a period of time, which is read from the configuration file and set by the webmaster. When the user who sets the reservation is logged in again, there is no need to enter the verification information.
Control module. At present, the control method applied to Daye City is a combination of the automatic update time of sunrise and sunset and the manual setting time.
Table 2 shows the sunrise and sunset tables of Daye City. Due to limited layout, only 2 months are listed.
According to this table, set the light-off offset = 7min, turn off the light offset = -30min, the command is fully open, the way is all night. In addition, use the manual setting time mode to set 0:00:00 (zero point), the command is odd or even (open), the way is midnight. This can be achieved. After zero, the number of lights is reduced in the case of fewer pedestrians, thus saving energy. According to statistics, most of the streetlight management systems currently in use on the market cannot do this, and manual adjustment is needed. Most cities only adjust once every six months, and a few have adjusted once every quarter.
This approach is both cumbersome and wastes resources. The software automatically adjusts the switching time every 10 days, which is convenient and energy-saving. Turn off the lights in winter 17 and turn off the lights at 7:00. Turn on the lights at 19:00 in the summer and turn off the lights at 5:00. The power of each lamp is 400W. This system reflects the energy saving and flexibility.
Table 2 Daye City Sunrise Sunset and Energy Saving Advantages Moon Day Sunrise Time Sunset Time Switch Light Energy Saving (per ç›)/min Zero Point Energy Saving (per ç›)/min 21 Switch Light Energy Saving = (Sunset Time + On Lamp offset -17:30)+(7:00-(sunrise time + off-light offset)) Energy saving after zero (per ç›) = (sunrise time + off-light offset) / 2 from the table 2 It can be seen that the average energy saving per day is more than 3 hours, and after zero, the power is reduced (in the middle of the night), so that energy saving can reach at least 4 hours. In the Daye City, 1003 xenon lamps were installed, with an electric energy of 0.6 yuan per kWh. The average energy saving per lamp per day was 400Wx4x0.6=0.96 yuan, saving 0.96x365=350.4 yuan per year, and 1003 xenon lamps saving 1 451.2 yuan per year. If the country promotes the installation of 400,000 baht, the annual energy saving will reach about 140.16 million yuan.
Fault handling module. The main function of this module is to provide various analysis reports, such as GPRS fault repair table, lamp fault repair table, GPRS maintenance record sheet, lamp maintenance record sheet, etc., which completely solves the problem of automatic fault detection of street lamps.
According to the investigation, 80% of the workload of street lamp maintenance work is to find faulty street lights at night, and the actual maintenance workload is less than 80% of the entire system. This Web software can solve 80% of the workload of night inspections, saving manpower, material resources and improving positioning. Accuracy. Statistics for GPRS faults.
Current location:Street light management system>Fault treatment view Router failure ft image can be ft original heading time Pingdong Dongfeng communication is not powered or gold 4 (禹) to power on or bad gold is not a letter is not powered or station Front Avenue 2 (East) does not pass the letter or the station 2 (East) is not powered or inquiries - the date is f14 can be 5 Tables as follows, please see the wide selection of the road, no Z1 IGPUS details Maintenance personnel maintenance personnel print the homework work order print home repair record you have chosen the date of the rape, please click the query button to query!
GPRS fault statistics 5 Conclusion This paper describes the street software intelligent control system and energy-saving mode Web software design. The software uses advanced technologies such as Aax, Session, and Cookie to deeply study the energy-saving mode. With 1/3, 1/4, time, light, earth latitude and longitude and other energy-saving control methods, the actual use of the city in Daye shows that it is not Compared with the system, the average energy saving per day is up to 4 hours, and the energy saving effect is remarkable. The automatic road inspection provided by the system can solve 80% of the workload of night inspections, saving manpower and material resources and improving positioning accuracy. In addition, the system is also very scalable, not only for conventional street lights, but also for new LED street lights. In the future, we will further study energy-saving algorithms and add the earth navigation function to the software to make it more intelligent and better serve the society.
Cell unit: A fixed unit with a length of 2 m and a width of 0.8 m is set in advance according to the average physical size of the vehicle, so that the longitudinal maximum theoretical speed of the bicycle in the absence of interference is approximately equal to 4 cell lengths. Each cell has +2 possible states: if a cell velocity attribute value is -1, indicating no car, the speed attribute value indicates that the car is moving at a certain speed, then e0, 1, 2, 3, 4 Cell space: The model does not consider the interference of motor vehicles and pedestrians. The cell space is defined as a clear boundary in the horizontal direction, which is equivalent to a slow lane with side bands. Without loss of generality, the effective width of a single-sided non-motor vehicle lane is assumed to be 3 The cells are x.8 = 2.4m, and the length is 2 000 cells x2.0 = 4000m, one-way driving.
In order to measure the stable flow rate and average vehicle speed at different densities, the model adopts a periodic boundary; the unit simulation clock is 1 s, the total operation is 10000 s, and the last 1000 s average traffic flow parameter value is obtained, and the pre-correction curve is seen.
Density-flow rate curve density-average vehicle speed curve 4.2 Dynamic correction Substituting the average vehicle speed at a certain time in the system into equation (3), the corresponding corrected cell length value can be obtained, and the value can be used to correct the area density and flow rate. The corrected curve.
It can be seen from the sum, when the density is small, the vehicle speed is close to the maximum speed before the sudden change point, the correction value is small; when the density is close to the maximum value, the speed is close to zero, and the correction value gradually goes to 0. This regular reaction The vehicle is in the range of the following range, and the correction value will be larger when the vehicle speed is larger, which is basically consistent with the above analysis.
5 Conclusion Based on the analysis of the data obtained from bicycle video detection, this paper aims at the bicycle safety distance, which is a changing value related to the riding speed. It is proposed to use the dynamic variable unit length instead of the fixed cell length in the bicycle CA model. The method and use it to correct macro parameters. This method can well reflect the influence of the microscopic car-following effect on the macroscopic characteristics, and has certain promotion value.
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