We often say that gold is priceless and jade is priceless. Jewelry and jade have a bright luster, beautiful colors and difficult access. But its value does not stop there. It is a very long process for a gemstone to form a crystal that grows large enough to make a piece of jewelry. The interior of each gem is different because of its growing environment. The inclusions are not the same. There are no two identical gemstones in the world, just like there are no two identical people. Getting a suitable gem is even more precious.
1. Identification of diamonds
Diamonds are the hardest substance in natural materials. Diamonds can be used to engrave any other gemstone, but any other gemstone can be scratched. It can also be scored with a “standard hardness testerâ€. Any hardness less than 9 degrees is a fake diamond. Diamonds are also lipophilic. For example, a pen draws a line on the surface of a diamond to form a continuous straight line, while other gemstones have intermittent lines. The above methods have certain reference value in the identification of diamonds. It can also be observed through a 10x magnifying glass. Under a 10x magnifying glass, most diamonds can be seen in the form of a triangular growth pattern. The surface of the diamond has a "fire" light of "red, orange, blue". shining. The most accurate and reliable method is to use the "thermal conductivity meter" to measure the thermal conductivity data to distinguish between true and false diamonds, but the "thermal conductivity meter" is more expensive.
Since diamonds are noble and luxurious jewellery, it is not uncommon to replace them with cheap gems, artificial gems and even glass on the market. The common types of fake diamonds are as follows:
1 Zircon: Very similar to diamonds, it is the best substitute for diamonds. The identification method is that zircon has a polarizing property and a large birefringence. When the processed zircon facet is observed with a magnifying glass of 10 times, it can be seen that the bottom ridge has obvious double when viewed from the top of the face. Shadow, and diamonds have no double shadows.
2 glass: the refractive index of glass is very low, there is no flashing color of the diamond; especially when it sinks into the water, the glass products are all radiant, and immediately reveal the horse's feet.
3 Soviet diamond: namely cubic zirconia, which was first developed by the Soviets, hence the name. The Soviet diamond is an artificial compound, but it is very close to natural diamonds in terms of dispersion and refractive index, and it also has a seductive appearance of "fire". But its hardness is low (8.5), which can be distinguished from diamonds. And the thermal conductivity is much lower than that of diamonds, which can be identified by “thermal conductivity meter†and accurately distinguished.
4 Crystal: Although the crystal is a natural mineral transparent crystal, it is processed like diamond, but lacks the colored light of diamond.
2, ruby
Natural gemstones are “ten red and nine cracksâ€, and natural rubies without any cracks and cracks are extremely rare. The artificial ruby ​​has the same color, and the internal defects or crystal inclusions are small, clean, and the block is large. As a precious gemstone, natural rubies over 3 carats on the market are rare. If you encounter a large piece of ruby, you should pay attention because natural rubies are worth a thousand times more than artificial rubies. If you are negligent, you will "taking medicine." Natural ruby ​​has a strong "dichroic", so-called dichroism, that is, there are two shades of red and orange in different directions. If there is only one color, it may be red spinel, garnet or red glass. Wait. Red spinel is very similar to natural ruby, and the two are the most confusing, so they must be especially careful.
3, sapphire
Natural sapphires tend to be uneven in color, and most have flat growth patterns. The artificial sapphire has the same color, and its growth pattern is a curved belt, which often shows crumb-like or bead-like bubbles in the body. Natural sapphire also has a distinct dichroism, which is blue in one direction and blue-green in the other. The coloration of other gemstones is different from that of natural sapphires and can be distinguished accordingly. In addition, the easiest method is to use the hardness method. Natural sapphire can mark the topaz, while other blue stones are difficult to mark on the topaz. Therefore, when buying jewelry, if there is no instrument around, just have a piece of topaz. Sometimes it can solve some problems.
4, identification of tourmaline
Tourmaline is a mid-range gemstone, but because of the more expensive pink and fresh blue tourmaline, there are also fakes.
There are two common types of common imitation products, one is artificial coloring with colorless tourmaline; the other is processed with red glass.
The method of identification is that the true tourmaline often has obvious dichroism, and the double shadow is visible; the tubular wrap or cotton batt is visible in the body, and the cross section of the crystal is a triangular triangle. These characteristics are not found in the imitation goods. The tourmaline dyed by the workers is not difficult to identify because of the color stagnation and the lack of natural tourmaline.
5. Identification of tanzanite
Tanzanite has a typical glass luster. Tanzanite is generally transparent or translucent. Tanzanite is rich in color, usually in shades of greenish blue, gray, brown, yellow, yellow-green, green, blue, blue-violet, etc., but mainly blue, blue-violet.
Tanzanite is extremely pleochroic, mainly trichromatic, namely blue-purple-green-yellow. The pleochroism of brown tanzanite is green-purple-light blue yellow green tanzanite has a chromaticity of dark blue-yellow-purple.
The characteristics of tanzanite are identified by the naked eye: the density is large, the color is trichromatic, and the color is characteristic blue-violet.
6, the identification of crystal
Natural crystals are clear and transparent, often containing cloud-like, star-like or flocculent gas-liquid inclusions, and often have microcracks. In addition, the natural crystal is polarized, and the phenomenon of twin crystals, such as a crystal sphere, can be seen from the top to the bottom.
Synthetic crystal or glass products, the body is pure, no cracks, there are often small bubbles inside. The sphere looks from top to bottom and does not see the double shadow of the lines below. By hand recognition, you can feel that the proportion of synthetic crystal is greater than natural crystal; natural crystal has a cold feeling, while glass has a warm feeling.
7. Identification of olivine
Peridot is a medium-low-grade gemstone with greenish yellow and olive-like colours. The most common on the market is the peridot counterfeit made of tinted glass.
The main difference between the two is that the olivine has obvious "double shadow", but the glass does not; the olivine is often seen in the crystalline inclusions, the glass contains only bubbles; the olivine has a specific gravity of 3.5 and a hardness of 7, which is better than glass. Both the specific gravity (2.6) and the hardness (6) are large.
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